1. Enhanced uptake of Choline by nerve endings in the brain.

Several mechanisms of action for the beneficial effects of REMEMBER-fX on mental alertness have been identified. The primary mechanism is thought to be through enhancing availability of Acetylcholine (ACh). This important neurotransmitter is involved in mediating mental alertness, in addition to its well known role in memory and learning.

The level of acetylcholine in the brain is determined by:

	the synthesis of ACh inside the nerve endings using choline as the substrate;
	the release of ACh from the nerve endings to interact with nerve cells by generating an intracellular signaling cascade;
	the breakdown of ACh to choline and other chemicals by enzyme reaction outside the nerve cells;
	the recycle of choline to the nerve endings through re-uptake of choline by the nerve endings.

REMEMBER-fX® and its active components, ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1 etc) increase the
re-uptake of choline, therefore increase the level of ACh.

Acetylcholine (ACh): A neurotransmitter relating to memory and learning.

Synapse: Nerve cell conjunction formed by 2 nerve cell endings. The space between two nerve endings is called the “synaptic cleft”

AcCoA and ChAT: The co-enzyme in the mitochondria and theenzyme responsible for the synthesis of ACh by utilizing choline.

Choline: A substrate for the synthesis of ACh.

Electrical Impulse: Electric signals generated through the cell membrane and transmitted from one nerve cell to another through neurotransmitters such as ACh.

2. REMEMBER-fX® treatment stimulates neurite outgrowth in cultured nerve cells and has been shown to exhibit nerve growth factor-like effects, i.e., to re-establish the lost synaptic contacts between nerve cell.

REMEMBER-fX® increases neurite outgrowth, therefore increasing the number of synapses		Cultured Neuronal Cells After 2 weeks in Standard Nutrient Media
		Control: Before - without REMEMBER-fX® With REMEMBER-fX®: Increased neurite outgrowth noticed